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[[File:Pallets.png|thumb]]
{{Projects infobox
|image          = Pallet.scad.png
|designers      = [[User:Tim|Timothy Schmidt]]
|date            = 2021
|vitamins        =
|materials      =
|transformations =
|lifecycles      =
|tools          = [[Wrenches]]
|parts          = [[Frames]], [[End caps]], [[Bolts]], [[Nuts]], [[Plates]]
|techniques      = [[Shelf joints]], [[Tri joints]], [[Trusses]]
|git            =
|files          =
|suppliers      =
}}
 
[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Tools]]
 
=Introduction=
A pallet (also called a skid) is a flat transport structure, which supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a [[Forklifts|forklift]], a [[Pallet jacks|pallet jack]], [[Front loaders|front loader]], or [[Cranes|crane]]. A pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies. Goods or shipping containers are often placed on a pallet secured with strapping, stretch wrap or shrink wrap and shipped. Since its invention in the twentieth century, its use has dramatically supplanted older forms of crating like the wooden box and the wooden barrel, as it works well with modern packaging like corrugated boxes and intermodal containers commonly used for bulk shipping.
 
=Challenges=
=Challenges=
Horizontal surfaces often need to move.  Sometimes with their contents intact.  Locations and methods for installing horizontal surfaces should facilitate interchangeability.
30 and 20 hole [[frames]] fit EUR pallet specifications for width and depth well.  Allowing for vertical frames to complete [[Tri joints|tri joints]] at the corners makes skinning the top of the pallet completely a challenge.  Using [[shelf joints]] may be possible, but may throw the pallets out of spec.


=Approaches=
=Approaches=
Build pallets from standard Replimat components.
Build pallets from [[:Category:Parts|parts]].
 
==Furniture pallets==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Pallets.png|Ken Isaacs pallet
Pallets.png|Ken Isaacs pallet
1920px-Plan palette-europe.svg.png|EUR pallet
Pallet.scad.png|Pallet
Pallet-w-barrels.scad.png|Pallet w/ barrels
</gallery>
</gallery>
===Parts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Quantity !! Part !! Link
|-
| 1 || Surface ||
|-
| 2 || Rib [[frames]] ||
|-
| 2 || Span [[frames]] ||
|-
| 4 || 2 hole [[frames]] ||
|-
| 12 || 2 [[bolts]] ||
|-
| 12 || [[nuts]] ||
|}
==Seed pallets==
===20mm Parts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Quantity !! Part !! Rationale !! Cost
|-
| 60 || [https://www.mcmaster.com/96977A213/ Press-Fit Drill Bushing with Head] 5.1 mm ID 10 mm OD 7 mm Long || being considered for drill press jig for bootstrapping || $444
|-
| 60 || [https://www.mcmaster.com/96977A303/ Press-Fit Drill Bushing with Head] 8.1 mm ID 15 mm OD 9 mm Long || being considered for drill press jig for bootstrapping || $540
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x40mm] (2 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || 250 total meters of 2020, covering the full quantity needed for all lengths = $697
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x60mm] (3 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x80mm] (4 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x100mm] (5 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x200mm] (10 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x300mm] (15 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x400mm] (20 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x500mm] (25 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x600mm] (30 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x800mm] (40 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2020-1000/ 20x20x1000mm] (50 hole) [[frames]] ||  standard length frame || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc2080-1000/ 20x80x1000mm] (4x50 hole) [[frames]] ||  standard length, 4x width frame || $452.18
|-
| 500 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/br0004-1/ 90 Degree Corner Connector] || For strengthening corners, attaching linear axes, shimmed mounts || $400
|-
| 200 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/br0003/ V-slot Three Way Cube Corner Connector] || Same as above, possibly redundant || $150
|-
| 20 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/hd0038/ Cable Drag Chain 15x20mm] || keeping wires tidy - quantity provisioned for two 4 axis machines plus maintenance and experimentation || $69.80
|-
| 2000 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/hd0010/ Spring Loaded M5 T-Nuts for 2020 V-Slot] || The only T nuts worth using ||$160
|-
| 1000 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/hd0010/ Spring Loaded M4 T-Nuts for 2020 V-Slot] || The only T nuts worth using ||$80
|-
| 1000 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/hd0010/ Spring Loaded M3 T-Nuts for 2020 V-Slot] || The only T nuts worth using ||$80
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32908794883.html?spm=2114.12057483.0.0.3b412d730IfTby HPV6 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 with Linear Guides HGH15 HIWIN 100% same size with NEMA23 2.8A 56mm stepper motor] 200mm || Linear motion system for spindle || $79 x 4 = $316
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32908794883.html?spm=2114.12057483.0.0.3b412d730IfTby HPV6 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 with Linear Guides HGH15 HIWIN 100% same size with NEMA23 2.8A 56mm stepper motor] 400mm || Linear motion system for spindle || $109 x 4 = $436
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32908794883.html?spm=2114.12057483.0.0.3b412d730IfTby HPV6 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 with Linear Guides HGH15 HIWIN 100% same size with NEMA23 2.8A 56mm stepper motor] 600mm || Linear motion system for spindle || $126 x 4 = $504
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32908794883.html?spm=2114.12057483.0.0.3b412d730IfTby HPV6 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 with Linear Guides HGH15 HIWIN 100% same size with NEMA23 2.8A 56mm stepper motor] 800mm || Linear motion system for spindle || $142 x 4 = 568
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32908794883.html?spm=2114.12057483.0.0.3b412d730IfTby HPV6 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 with Linear Guides HGH15 HIWIN 100% same size with NEMA23 2.8A 56mm stepper motor] 1000mm || Linear motion system for spindle || $169 x 4 = $676
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002072665397.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.39.2a6719f78WKTEm HPV11 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 SFU1210 with Linear Guides MGN12 NEMA23 2.8A 76mm stepper motor for CNC milling machine] 200mm || Linear motion system for carriage || $157.60 x 4 = $630.4
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002072665397.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.39.2a6719f78WKTEm HPV11 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 SFU1210 with Linear Guides MGN12 NEMA23 2.8A 76mm stepper motor for CNC milling machine] 400mm || Linear motion system for carriage || $189.50 x 4 = $758
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002072665397.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.39.2a6719f78WKTEm HPV11 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 SFU1210 with Linear Guides MGN12 NEMA23 2.8A 76mm stepper motor for CNC milling machine] 600mm || Linear motion system for carriage|| $211.99 x 4 = $847.96
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002072665397.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.39.2a6719f78WKTEm HPV11 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 SFU1210 with Linear Guides MGN12 NEMA23 2.8A 76mm stepper motor for CNC milling machine] 800mm || Linear motion system for carriage|| $230.99 x 4 = $923.96
|-
| 4 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005002072665397.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.39.2a6719f78WKTEm HPV11 Linear module ballscrew SFU1204 SFU1210 with Linear Guides MGN12 NEMA23 2.8A 76mm stepper motor for CNC milling machine] 1000mm || Linear motion system for carriage|| $255.99 x 4 = $1023.96
|-
| 5 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001906974822.html 1.5kw air cooled aquare spindle motor 24000rpm HQD factory] ||  || $930
|-
| 6 || [[Pumps]] ||  ||
|-
| 4 || [[Barrels]] ||  ||
|-
| Total ||  ||  || $10,394.18
|}
===40mm Parts===
===Parts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Quantity !! Part !! Rationale !! Cost
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x80mm] (2 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || 200 meters from our least costly supplier, available in sizes up to 1m long, satisfies the need for this material at $2018
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x120mm] (3 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x160mm] (4 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x200mm] (5 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x400mm] (10 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x600mm] (15 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x800mm] (20 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://bulkman3d.com/product/vc4040-1000/ 40x40x1000mm] (25 hole) [[frames]] ||  standard length frame, quad 2020 || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/?curSearch={%22field%22%3a%22%40search%22%2c%22seriesCode%22%3a%22110302689860%22%2c%22innerCode%22%3a%22%22%2c%22sort%22%3a1%2c%22specSortFlag%22%3a0%2c%22allSpecFlag%22%3a0%2c%22page%22%3a1%2c%22pageSize%22%3a%2260%22%2c%2200000042719%22%3a%22a%22%2c%2200000042737%22%3a%22a%22%2c%22jp000151684%22%3a%22mig00000000009797%22%2c%22jp000151688%22%3a%22mig00000000009801%22%2c%22typeCode%22%3a%22KHFS8-4040-1000%22%2c%22fixedInfo%22%3a%22innerCode%3aMDM00001299079|14%22}&Tab=wysiwyg_area_0 40x40x80mm] (2 hole) [[frames]], [https://8020.net/40-4040.html second source] || standard length frame, single channel || 170x 2400mm sections from 8020 inc would satisfiy all required lengths of frame for $10193
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x120mm] (3 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x160mm] (4 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x200mm] (5 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x400mm] (10 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x600mm] (15 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x800mm] (20 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x1000mm] (25 hole) [[frames]] ||  standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x1200mm] (30 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x1600mm] (40 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 50 || [https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/110302689860/ 40x40x2000mm] (50 hole) [[frames]] || standard length frame, single channel || "
|-
| 8 || SDA40 40mm double acting air cylinder || [https://www.stcvalve.com/I-CylindersSDA.htm SDA40 brackets, adapters, and accessories] ||
|-
| 16 || SDA40 plasma cut adapter plates ||  ||
|-
| 8 || MHZ240D [[Pneumatic grippers]] - current issue is that gripper size is limited to 60mm max ||  ||
|-
| 6 || [https://www.avidcnc.com/pro-rack-and-pinion-drive-nema-34-p-226.html PRO Rack and Pinion Drive, NEMA 34] || Linear motion system for 40mm || $1,018.5
|-
| 30 || [https://www.avidcnc.com/pro-gear-rack-39-1-meter-p-263.html PRO Gear Rack, 39" (1 meter)] || Linear motion system for 40mm || $1950
|-
| 30 || [https://www.avidcnc.com/20-mm-linear-bearing-block-flush-grease-fitting-p-576.html 20 mm Linear Bearing Block + Flush Grease Fitting] || Linear motion system for 40mm - MGN series?|| $1200
|-
| 15 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4001215675616.html EU warehouse 2pc HGR15 HGR20 HGR25 HGR30 Square Linear Guide Rail for HIWIN Slide Block Carriages HGH20CA CNC Router Engraving] || Linear motion system for 40mm || $1250
|-
| 40 || [[Casters]] ||  ||
|-
| 40 || [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32592297902.html 50pcs Thread M8 T Slot nuts 40-M8 Half Round Elasticity Spring Nut 4040 Series Groove 8 Aluminum Profile Connectors] || The only T nuts worth using || $150
|-
| Total ||  ||  || $17,779
|}
===Pneumatic parts===
* 8x [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07BW21Z5M/ref=ox_sc_act_title_1?smid=A13TRKTV701HHM&psc=1 AOMAG 1/4" DC 24V 2 Way Normally Closed Pneumatic Aluminum Electric Solenoid Air Valve]
* 8x [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B084YTNG2P/ref=ox_sc_act_title_2?smid=A13TRKTV701HHM&psc=1 https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B084YTNG2P/ref=ox_sc_act_title_2?smid=A13TRKTV701HHM&psc=1]
===Tools===
* [https://store.evolutionpowertools.com/products/r355cps?variant=32877747568733 Evolution R355CPS multimaterial cuttoff saw]
===Electrical===
* extension cords for each tool center
* 10x [https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001808805516.html Heat Shrink Connect Terminals Waterproof solder ring tube terminal insulated bushing wire Butt Connectors protection sleeve] $127.70


=References=
=References=
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUR-pallet EUR pallet standard]
[[Category: Projects]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallet Wikipedia: Pallet]
[[Category: Tools]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerization Wikipedia: Containerization]
[[Category: Seeds]]
* [https://hackaday.com/2021/04/07/field-guide-to-shipping-containers/ A field guide to shipping containers]

Latest revision as of 08:57, 23 September 2021

Project: Pallets
Designers: Timothy Schmidt
Tools: Wrenches
Parts: Frames, End caps, Bolts, Nuts, Plates
Techniques: Shelf joints, Tri joints, Trusses

Introduction

A pallet (also called a skid) is a flat transport structure, which supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, a pallet jack, front loader, or crane. A pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies. Goods or shipping containers are often placed on a pallet secured with strapping, stretch wrap or shrink wrap and shipped. Since its invention in the twentieth century, its use has dramatically supplanted older forms of crating like the wooden box and the wooden barrel, as it works well with modern packaging like corrugated boxes and intermodal containers commonly used for bulk shipping.

Challenges

30 and 20 hole frames fit EUR pallet specifications for width and depth well. Allowing for vertical frames to complete tri joints at the corners makes skinning the top of the pallet completely a challenge. Using shelf joints may be possible, but may throw the pallets out of spec.

Approaches

Build pallets from parts.

  • Ken Isaacs pallet

    Ken Isaacs pallet

  • EUR pallet

    EUR pallet

  • Pallet

    Pallet

  • Pallet w/ barrels

    Pallet w/ barrels

References

Retrieved from "https://wiki.replimat.org/index.php?title=Pallets&oldid=7996"