Frames: Difference between revisions

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=== Joints ===
=== Joints ===
Three frame sections can be joined with three nuts and bolts to form a strong three dimensional joint orienting each frame section perpendicular to the others, called a tri-lapping joint or [[tri-joint]].  Other joining techniques allow for triangular and hinged joints, which are sufficient to build several useful linkages including the Peaucellier–Lipkin linear motion linkage, Jansen’s linkage, leading link suspension, and more.
Three frame sections can be joined with three nuts and bolts to form a strong three dimensional joint orienting each frame section perpendicular to the others, called a tri-lapping joint or [[tri-joint]].  Other joining techniques allow for triangular and hinged joints, which are sufficient to build several useful linkages including the Peaucellier–Lipkin linear motion linkage, Jansen’s linkage, leading link suspension, and more.
=== Off-pattern holes ===
<gallery>
Offset frame.jpg|Offset Frame
</gallery>


=== Source ===
=== Source ===

Revision as of 13:02, 6 June 2020

Profile

Replimat frames are constructed of individual frame sections with a square profile or cross-section. Frame sections may be solid or hollow, constructed from a single piece or laminated or joined cut sheet. All Replimat frame sections share the same width, which is 1.5 inches (38.1 millimeters) across each side. Frames of larger or smaller widths may be produced, and continue to work with all of the construction techniques found here.

Widths

Frames of larger cross section require fewer holes than frames of smaller cross section that are the same length. Counterintuitively, thicker frame is sometimes faster or less expensive to produce than thinner frame. Thicker frame also creates stronger tri-joints and requires fewer nuts and bolts to create frames of equivalent size and strangth as compared to frame of reduced width. Thinner frame can allow accurate and reproducible model building before final assembly at larger scale. Thinner frame also allows for a finer resolution in the hole pattern, easing complex mounting problems.

Hole Pattern

Holes are centered on each face of the frame and spaced regularly in a repeating pattern at a distance equal to the width of the frame. This geometrical arrangement allows the frame members to reliably produce rigid joints in three dimensions.

Lengths

Frame lengths are intentionally limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 holes per side. These lengths have been chosen to allow for the creation of all necessary joint configurations (using lengths 2, 3, 4, and 5) as well as to allow for lengths with a center hole and lengths which are evenly divisible by two. The reduced set of lengths allows for improved reuse from project to project, easier identification in photographs and diagrams, and simpler production, handling, and shipping.

Nuts and bolts

Frame sections are joined together using three lengths of bolt, suitable for 1, 2, or 3 stacked frames and share a single size washer and nut.

Tools

Frame assembly requires two 13mm wrenches. A socket wrench or battery powered electric socket wrench are highly recommended for quick and easy [dis]assembly.

Joints

Three frame sections can be joined with three nuts and bolts to form a strong three dimensional joint orienting each frame section perpendicular to the others, called a tri-lapping joint or tri-joint. Other joining techniques allow for triangular and hinged joints, which are sufficient to build several useful linkages including the Peaucellier–Lipkin linear motion linkage, Jansen’s linkage, leading link suspension, and more.

Off-pattern holes

  • Offset Frame

    Offset Frame


Source

Steel / Aluminum

United states
Canada
  • Any construction steel supplier.
  • Unistrut
UK
  • Any construction steel supplier. (Undrilled)
New Zealand

<sbailard_> VikOlliver, steel and aluminum box section down in NZ, is it metric, or '25.4 mm'? <VikOlliver> Strangley it's in approx 25mm increments...

  • sbailard_ is beside himself in surprise.

<VikOlliver> It's sold as 25x50mm box section but you know what they mean...

Wood

Warning

In North America, Template:Tag which is called '1x1' or '2x2' is actually smaller than 1 inch or 2 inches in cross section. This is unfortunate but legal. Speak to a lumber yard or other supplier about getting 'wood which is actually sized 1 inch by 1 inch or 2 inches by 2 inches'. They will be able to help you, possibly by setting up a small order correctly sized material with a local mill, which may be a quick job. (If you are a woodworker, this paragraph is obvious, and we apologize. And you have a table saw.)

A common so-called "two-by-four" (38 mm x 89 mm, 1.5 inch x 3.5 inch) can be ripped and planed into two separate grid beams (each 38 mm square). Does it make any sense to do slightly less work, converting that so-called "2x4 board" into one beam that acts like those 2 grid beams permanently attached to each other, 38 mm x 76 (1.5" x 3.0") with a double row of holes on the 3.0" wide side?

Notes

  • Nails - After checking carefully with a nail finder.
  • Grit - Use a stiff plastic brush to clean off your wood. Stone pebbles will chip your saw blade.

Similar Construction Systems

Dexion Speedframe

This is a high-strength shelving system made from cheap steel square tubes and unimportant but elegant interconnectors.

The tubes are a lovely 1" (25.4mm) square x 10 ft (3048mm aka '3m') long.

  • Speedframe (1" square x 3048mm long) x 1 length

£20.00 per 3m length http://www.tradesystems.co.uk/acatalog/Dexion-SpeedFrame-25mm-Square-Tube-System.html?gclid=CO20puGvvJ4CFQQMDQodVCn5Cg

  • Buy Used! Shelving outlives many a business plan, so check your telephone directory under 'shelving/racking'.

You may get lucky, and pay £10/3m rather than £20/3m. http://shop.instant-shop.com/stodec/category740226.html

  • Used/offbrand

http://www.richardsonsuk.co.uk/productdetails.php?product=74

T-Slot is one of the most popular categories of extruded aluminum --

-- see T-Slot for more details.

File:Doboz repstrap.jpg
aluminum L rails: Doboz

MakerSlide is an open source aluminum extrusion with a built-in V-rail linear bearing system. The Deltic3D, ORD bot, Freedeepee, CNC Router, etc. all use MakerSlide as part of their drive train.

YesRail, apparently designed for the P2f RepStrap, is a rail system "based on Open Rail and MakerSlide".

OpenRail: Linear V rail universal mounts to t-slot extrusion

aluminum L rails

RobotDigg

EZ Tube

Telescoping

Makeblock: typically used for small desktop models

grid beam: square beams with a line of holes: typically used for furniture and street signs

Makeralot

Extruded rectangular aluminum tubes:

square metal tubes, that later have holes drilled only where bolts are needed, as in T-Rep 0 (the progenitor) and Strapzilla and TeeBot <flickr>3951997454|none</flickr> <flickr>5084805984|right</flickr>

Import from RepRap Wiki

grid beam

grid beam: 2"x2" square beams with a line of holes: typically used for furniture and street signs. "pre-drilled square beams". A typical piece of furniture built out of grid beam uses lots of TriLap joints.

Wooden grid beams seem easier to cut to length. Metal grid beams seem stronger and more rigid.

Does it make any sense to use a mixture of both wooden and metal grid beams bolted together?

Bitbeam

Bitbeam is a miniaturized grid-beam system compatible with Lego Technic, using 8mm x 8mm square beams. [1] [2] [3]

extruded aluminum

  • MakerBeam; 80/20 T-slot extrusion; etc. -- T-Rep, SamBot, etc.

see Extruded Aluminum for similar aluminum materials.

OpenStructures

"The OS (OpenStructures) project explores the possibility of a modular construction model where everyone designs for everyone on the basis of one shared geometrical grid."[5]

Based on a 4×4cm square that marks cutting lines and assembly points. Designed for disassembly, adaptation, re-assembly, and scalability. (lots of TriLap joints in the illustrations).

Contraptor

Main page: Contraptor
  • "Contraptor is a DIY open source construction set for experimental personal fabrication, desktop manufacturing, prototyping and bootstrapping. ... Contraptor is mechanically compatible with 1" T-slot ..., pegboard, 1" grid beam (such as commercially available perforated steel tube), and likely other things with dimensions standardized in 1" grid."

See Contraptor for more details.

other modular materials

File:Gluegunfabber.jpg
glue gun fabber: Is this Vik Olliver's Meccano-set based RepRap prototype?

(the Free Universal Construction Kit is a set of adapters for interoperability between several of the above construction "toys").

cut-to-length construction materials

metal rods

  • 8 mm threaded steel rod (aka "threaded rod" or "allthread" or "M8 studding"): Many RepRaps and RepStraps use all-thread as a easily-adjustable frame material. Many also have at least one axis driven by a "lead screw" of 8 mm threaded road or nearly equivalent 5/16" threaded rod that acts as a worm gear, turned by a stepper motor, that pushes parts back and forth. A few use bigger sizes such as M12 and M10 threated rods in the BiBONE[7] or smaller sizes such as the 1/4 inch threaded rod used in smaller SAE Mendel machines.
  • 8 mm smooth steel rods (aka smooth rod, aka "drill rod"): Most RepRaps and RepStraps have parts that slide back and forth on 8 mm or nearly equivalent 5/16" smooth rod. A few RepStraps (Template:Tag) spin a smooth rod with their motor rather than a threaded rod. A few use other sizes such as the 12 mm smooth rod used by HaMendel[8] and BiBone. "O1 drill rod" ? "A2 drill rod" ?

water pipe

other cut-to-length construction materials

  • low-cost softwood dimensional lumber, roughly 18x45mm and 18x70mm (close enough to "1x2" and "1x4"), bolted together -- 1X2 and WolfStrap
  • poplar planks -- Tommelise
  • extruded aluminum L rails -- Doboz
  • #extruded aluminum in other shapes

cut-to-shape construction materials

Should we distinguish between cutting flat materials into a (2D) shape (perhaps with a CNC Router) and perhaps drilling a few holes into the face and edges, vs. cutting large blocks of material into arbitrary 3D shapes?

To make future generations of self-replicating machines out of such materials seems to require a CNC Router or a Laser Cutter.

other discussions of building material

  • Wikibooks: robot building materials implies that cardboard (!) is best for quick prototypes; for functional robots, "wood is probably the best material to start with."; where wood isn't quite durable enough, aluminum is the best metal -- better than steel for most robots.
    • Is "edgeboard"[14] the same as corrugated cardboard? It's apparently strong enough to hold up full-sized humans; is it strong enough to hold up an extruder nozzle?
    • Is it possible to build a FlatPack RepStrap mostly out of "Laminated Laser-cut Cardboard"[15]?
      • Izhar Gafni has made a type of bicycle with a composite frame (cardboard & epoxy?/some polyester?) ("Cardboard Bicycle"). It is apparently waterproof and strong enough to hold up full-sized humans. It is definitely worth an investigation, if nothing else for the other end of the M8 threaded rod there.. are on several levels; Epoxy Granite.

<videoflash type="vimeo">37584656</videoflash>

  • User:Mrkim mentions various "Classes of machines",[16][17] including entire classes of machines that the above seems to neglect.
  • Carnesmechanical strive to create a collaborative environment to make the purchase of automotive products enjoyable for you. Carnesmechanical is a small blog, is dedicated to bringing unbiased automotive product reviews, car Electronics, auto tool, oil, electrical, welding, accessories.
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